| 抄録 |
Technology based health solutions such as vaccinepharmaceuticals and diagnostics are among the mostcost－effective interventions in health care。 Innovations such as vaccines for polio and measles and anti－retroviral therapy for HIV／AIDS have saved countless numbers of lives．Todaya vaccine for measles can be purchased by developing countries for as little as 5 yen and has beeneffective in reducing global mortality from the disease by more than 900／o in the past 10 years． Yet thereare many severe illnesses that each year take the lives of 8 million children under the age of 5． To solvethese and many other pressing health needs throughout the world innovation is needed lnnovation is anoft stated goal but the nature of innovation is frequently poorly understood． lnnovation can be evolution－arythat is building on the work done by others and expanding on itor revolutionarythat is taking a di－rection that is totally unexpected but is transformationaL Evol／utionary innovation will make existing solu－tions better or more effective but revolutionary innovation will be required to overcome the hurdles totreatment or prevention of the most difficult medical problems． To bring out this kind of innovation wewill need an ecosystem that fosters creative out－of－the box thinking and a review system fundamentallydifferent from that currently used by most research funding agencies． Then and only then can we expecttruly novel approaches to the relief of human suffering． |
