| 抄録 |
Incidence of most cancers has been increasing by time. Uptrend of crude cancer incidence was shown in both male and female in urban and rural areas. The effects of economic and social change have been being readily apparent in the rapid shift in China's nutrition transition. There might be relation between the change of incidence of primary cancer especially digestive cancer and nutritional status in China. As to digestive system cancer, the incidences of gastric cancer, liver cancer and esophageal canner still keep gradually increasing. The incidences of colorectal cancer are markedly going up over the 20 year period. Major dietary changes fueled by cheap, plentiful edible oils. Moreover, consumption of eggs, poultry, beef, milk and pork has increased rapidly in China. As a result, the increase in intake of animal-source foods and edible oils, along with declines in cereal intake and minimal changes in vegetable intake, has led to large increases in the energy density of the diet and equally large increases in fat and energy intake. Currently, more than a fifth of China's adult population is overweight, related to changing dietary and physical activity patterns, with subsequent large increases in hypertension, stroke, and adult-onset diabetes. Some studies had reported that incidence of cancer in patients with diabetes had been higher than health crowd. Other nutritional factors as a result of social development and associated with incidence of cancer has been listed as follow. In both males and females, the intake of potatoes, fruit, vegetables, and meat were significantly relative to esophageal cancer. A low intake of carotene, and vitamins A and C was also seen in populations living in the high-incidence area of esophageal cancer. Increased risk of gastric cancer is associated with high intakes of protein, saturated fat, cholesterol and sodium, while consumption of polyunsaturated fat, vitamin A and ascorbic acid may have a protective effect against gastric cancer. Established and suspected modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer, including obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, a diet high in red or processed meats, and inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables, are also factors associated with economic development or westernization. |
